The Pancheshwar Multipurpose Project (PMP) stands as a symbol of bilateral cooperation between India and Nepal, yet its fruition remains stymied by unresolved disputes. Despite recent high-level meetings, the deadlock persists, highlighting underlying tensions over benefit-sharing.
Pancheshwar Multipurpose Project Overview: The PMP, nestled along the Mahakali River, aims to generate 6,480 MW of energy, split equally between the two nations. Additionally, it promises irrigation for 130,000 hectares of Nepali land and 240,000 hectares in India. However, discord arises over the distribution of irrigation and flood control advantages, with Nepal advocating for compensation, likening water to ‘white gold.’
India-Nepal Relations Dynamics: The India-Nepal relationship is multifaceted, encompassing defense cooperation, connectivity initiatives, and cultural ties. Since the signing of the India-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship in 1950, the nations have maintained close ties, albeit punctuated by periodic disputes. Notable areas of cooperation include defense, connectivity, trade, and energy.
Despite shared borders and historical treaties, disputes like the Kalapani and Susta border issues, along with allegations of political interference, have strained ties intermittently. Nepal’s perception of an unequal relationship with India, coupled with security concerns and territorial disputes, adds layers of complexity to bilateral dynamics.
Challenges to Cooperation: Contentious issues, such as the perception of an unequal relationship and security concerns, underscore the complexity of the bilateral dynamic. The Pancheshwar deadlock adds another layer of complexity, challenging entrenched notions of water resource management and benefit-sharing.
Nepal’s insistence on compensation for water resources reflects broader concerns about equitable benefit-sharing and economic sovereignty. Conversely, India’s stance is informed by its interpretation of existing water treaties, such as the Indus Waters Treaty with Pakistan, and its preference for equal sharing of benefits.
Path Forward: Resolving the impasse requires political will and diplomatic finesse from both sides. Dialogue must transcend historical grievances and focus on mutual benefit and equitable sharing. A recalibration of perspectives, coupled with proactive engagement, holds the key to unlocking the potential of projects like PMP and fostering enduring cooperation between India and Nepal.
Furthermore, addressing underlying concerns about sovereignty, security, and economic equity is essential to building trust and fostering a conducive environment for cooperation. Both nations must prioritize dialogue and compromise, recognizing the mutual benefits of cooperation and the shared challenges that necessitate collective action.
Conclusion: While challenges persist, the shared history and interconnected destinies of India and Nepal necessitate continued dialogue and cooperation. As the Pancheshwar multipurpose project remains a testament to their shared aspirations, a concerted effort towards consensus-building is imperative to harness its transformative potential for the benefit of both nations. Only through sustained engagement and a commitment to mutual respect and understanding can India and Nepal overcome their differences and forge a path towards a more prosperous and interconnected future.