Introduction:
India’s pursuit of naval strength takes a significant step forward with Germany’s proposal to sell six advanced conventional submarines under the Project 75I procurement program. The discussions, initiated during the visit of the German Defence Minister in 2023, have reached a crucial stage. The deal, operating under the strategic partnership framework, involves Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDL) and Larsen & Toubro (L&T) Limited partnering with foreign manufacturers for indigenous submarine production.
Project 75 and Project 75I – Advancements in Technology:
Project 75I, a follow-up to Project 75, aims to enhance India’s naval capabilities. While Project 75 submarines brought improved stealth, Project 75I integrates Air-Independent Propulsion (AIP) technology, enabling extended submersion up to two weeks. The budget for Project 75I stands at Rs 43,000 crore, nearly double that of its predecessor.
India’s Need for a Robust Submarine Fleet:
India’s extensive coastline and maritime interests drive the need for a strengthened naval presence. With an aging fleet, only six recently built submarines are modern, and the rest, over 30 years old, face decommissioning. To effectively patrol the Indian Ocean, the Navy requires a minimum of 24 conventional submarines, yet only 16 are currently operational.
Strategic Partnership Model and Germany’s Proposal:
The Strategic Partnerships Model, approved in 2017, facilitates private sector participation in defense platforms like submarines. Germany, meeting technical criteria along with Spain, proposes Thyssenkrupp Marine Systems for Project 75I. This aligns with India’s push for technology sharing among Quad members and European allies.
Advancements in Project 75I – AIP Technology:
Project 75I incorporates AIP technology, a game-changer for conventional submarines. AIP enhances submerged endurance, allowing longer durations without surfacing for battery recharge. India’s preference for AIP based on fuel cells underscores the quest for efficient battery recharge, vital for sustained underwater operations.
Current Indian Submarine Fleet and Types:
India’s existing fleet comprises 16 conventional diesel-electric submarines, with two more Kalvari Class subs from Project 75 to be commissioned. The fleet includes SSBNs for ballistic missile capabilities, SSNs for nuclear attack roles, and SSKs, originally diesel-electric submarines.
Conclusion:
Germany’s proposal marks a significant stride in India’s pursuit of a technologically advanced and robust submarine fleet. Project 75I’s integration of AIP technology reflects India’s commitment to staying at the forefront of naval advancements. As discussions progress, the collaboration holds the potential to not only strengthen India’s maritime dominance but also contribute to the nation’s indigenous submarine-building capabilities. This strategic move aligns with India’s broader goal of fostering self-sufficiency and technological excellence in defense manufacturing.