Dances of India :

Dances of India encompasses a rich tapestry of styles, primarily categorized into 2 categories- classical and folk dance form, each deeply rooted in regional traditions and cultural influences.

The Sangeet Natak Akademi, India’s national academy for performing arts, officially recognizes eight classical dance forms, although more exist according to various sources. These classical dances find their origins in ancient texts like the Natya Shastra and are closely intertwined with Hindu religious practices.

Regional Variations:

Folk dances in India are incredibly diverse, varying according to the traditions of each state, ethnic group, or geographical region. These dances reflect the vibrant tapestry of Indian culture, showcasing a plethora of styles and themes unique to each community. From the energetic Garba of Gujarat to the graceful Manipuri dance of Manipur, each folk dance tells a story of its people’s heritage and customs.

Contemporary Fusion of Dances of India:

Contemporary dances of India forms have evolved to incorporate elements from classical, folk, and Western styles, resulting in innovative and experimental performances. These fusions demonstrate the dynamic nature of Indian dance, blending traditional techniques with modern sensibilities to create captivating expressions of movement and emotion.

From classical elegance to folk vibrancy and contemporary innovation, dance in India is a testament to the country’s rich cultural heritage and artistic dynamism. Whether rooted in ancient traditions or pushing the boundaries of modern expression, Indian dance continues to captivate audiences worldwide, bridging divides and inspiring generations with its beauty and grace.

Classical Dances of India :-

Classical Dance Tradition:

classical dances of India is a form of total theater, where stories are primarily conveyed through gestures, deeply rooted in Hindu mythology and cultural ethos. These dances adhere to guidelines laid down in the Natyashastra, an ancient Sanskrit text explaining the art of acting.

The Sangeet Natak Akademi recognizes eight classical dance styles, each representing the culture of a specific region or community. However, the Cultural Ministry of India recently included Chhau, making the total count nine.

These classical dances of India are characterized by their adherence to specific technicalities, each expressing a distinct emotion or theme. From love (Shringar) to heroism (Veer) and from sorrow (Karuna) to wonder (Adbhoot), these dances encompass a wide range of human experiences.

These dances not only serve as artistic expressions but also as repositories of cultural traditions, reflecting the diverse heritage of India’s states and regions. To delve deeper into the intricacies of Indian classical dances, refer to the linked article for comprehensive insights.

Understanding the various classical dances and their states of origin is crucial. Here’s a concise list:

Classical Dance	State of Origin
Bharatanatyam	Tamil Nadu
Kathak	Uttar Pradesh
Kathakali	Kerala
Kuchipudi	Andhra Pradesh
Manipuri	Manipur
Mohiniyattam	Kerala
Odissi	Odisha
Sattriya	Assam

Bharatanatyam: Dating back to 1000 BC, Bharatanatyam is a classical dance originating from Tamil Nadu, predominantly performed by women. It evolved within Hindu temple settings and expresses religious themes, particularly those of Shaivism, Vaishnavism, and Shaktism. Despite being suppressed during colonial rule, Bharatanatyam has become immensely popular post-independence, both in India and abroad.

Kathakali: Originating from Kerala in the 17th century, Kathakali is a highly stylized classical dance-drama known for its elaborate costumes and face masks. It primarily depicts Hindu mythology and incorporates movements from ancient martial arts. Kathakali performers, traditionally male, convey stories through intricate choreography and expressive gestures.

Kathak: Attributed to ancient northern India, Kathak is derived from the Sanskrit word meaning “story.” It evolved during the Bhakti movement, later influenced by Persian arts during the Mughal era. Kathak emphasizes rhythmic foot movements, adorned with small bells, and storytelling through gestures, facial expressions, and stage movements.

Kuchipudi: Originating in Andhra Pradesh, Kuchipudi is linked to ancient religious traditions and has roots in Vaishnavism. Traditionally performed by male dancers, it transitioned to include both men and women in modern productions. Kuchipudi incorporates pure dance and expressive elements, accompanied by Carnatic music.

Odissi: Originating in the temples of Odisha, Odissi predominantly expresses Vaishnavism themes through dance-drama performances. Traditionally performed by women, it utilizes symbolic costumes, body movements, and gestures outlined in ancient Sanskrit literature to convey religious stories and spiritual messages.

Sattriya: Sattriya is a classical dance-drama originating from Assam, attributed to the 15th-century saint Srimanta Sankardev. Performances, known as Ankiya Nat, combine aesthetic and religious elements, with themes revolving around Hindu gods such as Krishna and Radha.

Manipuri: Manipuri Raas Leela dance originates from Manipur and is known for its Hindu Vaishnavism themes, particularly the love-inspired dance drama of Radha-Krishna. It features unique costumes, aesthetics, and graceful movements, emphasizing hand and upper body gestures.

Mohiniyattam: Mohiniyattam, from Kerala, is named after the seductress avatar of Vishnu, Mohini. It follows the Lasya style, characterized by delicate, feminine movements. Traditionally performed by women, it includes both pure dance and expressive elements, set to sopana music.

Each of these classical dance forms reflects the rich cultural heritage and artistic diversity of India, blending tradition with innovation to create captivating performances that continue to inspire audiences worldwide.

Folk Dances of India :-

Celebrating Diversity: Indian Folk Dances

Folk dances of India are vibrant expressions of culture and tradition, performed across the country to mark various occasions such as weddings, festivals, and seasonal transitions. They embody the essence of rural life, portraying the daily routines and rituals of village communities. Despite their simplicity, these dances hold immense significance and continue to evolve over time.

Variety Across States: India boasts a rich tapestry of folk dances, with each state showcasing its unique forms. From Bihu and Bagurumba in Assam to Garba and Dandiya in Gujarat, and from Nati in Himachal Pradesh to Neyopa and Bacha Nagma in Jammu and Kashmir, the diversity is astounding. Each dance form reflects the local customs, beliefs, and cultural heritage of its region.

Cultural Significance: Folk dances in India are deeply rooted in the ethos of the communities that perform them. They serve as a means of storytelling, conveying tales of joy, sorrow, labor, and celebration. Often accompanied by traditional music played on indigenous instruments, these dances create a symphony of sights and sounds that captivate audiences.

Tribal Dances: Tribal dances, inspired by folklore and mythology, offer a glimpse into the lives of indigenous communities. These dances, characterized by intricate movements and symbolic gestures, narrate stories of tribal life, social relationships, and religious beliefs. From the plains to the hills, each ethnic group has its distinct dance forms, reflecting its geographical and cultural context.

Regional Influences: The regional positioning of ethnic groups and their religious affiliations play a significant role in shaping dance styles and content. Festivals, particularly harvest festivals, often serve as the backdrop for these performances, adding a layer of festivity and cultural relevance. Instruments, costumes, and song lyrics vary according to regional customs and traditions.

Preservation and Evolution: While many ancient folk and tribal dances have been preserved through generations, others continue to evolve with changing times. Modern influences blend with traditional elements, giving rise to new variations and interpretations. Yet, at their core, these dances remain a testament to India’s cultural diversity and rich heritage.

Indian folk dances serve as a window into the soul of the nation, reflecting its myriad colors, traditions, and customs. They embody the spirit of community, celebration, and identity, weaving together the threads of the past and present. As they continue to evolve and thrive, these dances remind us of the timeless beauty and resilience of Indian culture.

State Wise List Of Indian Folk Dance :-

State Name	Folk Dances	Classical Dance
Andhra Pradesh	Ghantamardala, Ottam Thedal, Mohiniattam, Kummi, Siddhi, Madhuri, Chhadi, Vilasini Natyam, Bhamakalpam, Veeranatyam, Dappu, Tappeta Gullu, Lambadi, Dhimsa, Kolattam, Butta Bommalu	Kuchipudi
Arunachal Pradesh	Chham, Mask dance (Mukhauta Nritya), War dance	–
Assam	Bihu, Bichhua, Natpuja, Maharas, Kaligopal, Bagurumba, Naga dance, Khel Gopal, Tabal Chongli, Canoe, Jhumura Hobjanai	Sattriya
Bihar	Jata-Jatin, Bakho-Bakhain, Panwariya, Sama-Chakwa, Bidesia, Jatra	–
Chhattisgarh	Gaur Maria, Panthi, Raut Nacha, Pandwani, Vedamati, Kapalik, Chandaini, Bharthari Charit, Goudi, Karma, Jhumar, Dagla, Pali, Tapali, Navrani, Diwari, Mundari, Jhumar	Chhau
Goa	Fugdi, Dhalo, Kunbi, Dhangar, Mandi, Jhagor, Khol, Dakni, Tarangamel, Shigmo, Ghode, Modni, Samayi nrutya, Jagar, Ranmale, amayi nrutya, Tonnya mell	–
Gujarat	Garba, Dandiya Ras, Bhavai, Tippani Juriun, Bhavai	–
Haryana	Jhumar, Phag Dance, Daph, Dhamal, Loor, Gugga, Khor, Gagor	–
Himachal Pradesh	Kinnauri, Thoda, Jhora, Jhali, Chharhi, Dhaman, Chhapeli, Mahasu, Dangi, Chamba, Thali, Jhainta, Daf, Stick dance	–
Jharkhand	Karma, Agni, Jhumar, Janani Jhumar, Mardana Jhumar, Paika, Phagua, Chhanu, Sarahul, Jat-Jatin, Karma, Danga, Bidesia, Sohrai, Hunta Dance, Mundari Dance, Sarhul, Barao, Jhitka, Danga, Domkach, Ghora Naach	Chhau
Karnataka	Yakshagana, Huttari, Suggi, Kunitha, Karga, Lambi	–
Kerala	Ottam Thulal, Kaikottikali, Tappatikali, Kali Auttam	Kathakali, Mohiniyattam
Madhya Pradesh	Tertali, Maanch, Matki, Gaur Maria, Ahirai, Bhadam, Aada, Khada Nach, Phulpati, Grida Dance, Selalarki, Selabhadoni, Jawara, etc.	–
Maharashtra	Lavani, Nakata, Koli, Lezim, Gafa, Dahikala Dasavtar, Tamasha, Mauni, Powara, Gouricha, etc.	–
Manipur	Thang Ta, Lai Haraoba, Pung Cholom, Rakhal, Nat Rash, Maha Rash, Raukhat, Dol Cholam, Khamba Thaibi, Nupa Dance, Raslila, Khubak Ishei, Lhou Sha	Manipuri
Meghalaya	Laho, Baala, Ka Shad Suk Mynsiem, Nongkrem	–
Mizoram	Cheraw Dance, Khuallam, Chailam, Sawlakin, Chawnglaizawn, Zangtalam, Par Lam, Sarlamkai/ Solakia, Tlanglam, Khanatm, Pakhupila, Cherokan	–
Nagaland	Chong, Khaiva, Lim, Nuralim, Bamboo Dance, Temangnetin, Hetaleulee, Rangma, Zeliang, Nsuirolians, Gethinglim	–
Odisha	Ghumara, Ranappa, Savari, Ghumara, Painka, Munari, Chhau, Chadya Dandanata, Savari, Painka, Munari	Odissi, Chhau
Punjab	Bhangra, Giddha, Daff, Dhaman, Bhand, Naqual	–
Rajasthan	Ghoomar, Suisini, kalbeliya, Chakri, Ganagor, Jhulan Leela, Jhuma, Suisini, Ghapal, Panihari, Ginad, etc.	–
Sikkim	Chu Faat, Yak Chaam Sikmari, Singhi Chaam or the Snow Lion, Yak Chaam, Denzong Gnenha, Tashi Yangku	–
Tamil Nadu	Karagam, Kumi, Kolattam, Kavadi, Dappankuthu	Bharatnatyam
Telangana	Perini Shivatandavam, Keisabadi	–
Tripura	Hojagiri	–
Uttar Pradesh	Nautanki, Raslila, Kajri, Jhora, Chappeli, Jaita	Kathak
Uttarakhand	Chappeli, Gadhwali, Kumayuni, Kajari, Jhora, Raslila, etc.	–
West Bengal	Purulia Chhau, Alkap, Kathi, Gambhira, Dhali, Jatra, Baul, Marasia, Mahal, Keertan, Santhali Dance, Mundari dance, Gambhira, Gajan, Chaibari Nritya	Chhau

Source: Wiki

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